Iqhutshwa I-Dual Forces of Innovation and Green Initiatives, Amabhethri Angenayo I-lead-Acid Angenakulungiswa Aqala Ohambweni Olusha Lokuthuthukiswa Kwezinga eliphezulu 

Phakathi nendawo yokuncintisana okuhlukahlukene phakathi kwemakethe entsha yokugcina amandla, amabhethri e-lead-acid angalondolozi (ikakhulukazi, amabhethri e-lead-asidi alawulwa ngamavalvu)—okuzuzisayo okubalulekile njengezindleko ezilawulekayo, ukuphepha okuphezulu, ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, nengqalasizinda eqinile yokugaywa kabusha—awakasuswanga ngokuphelele ngenxa yebhethri elivelayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngokuphindaphinda okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, baye baqinisa izisekelo zabo emikhakheni ebalulekile ehlanganisa ezokuxhumana, izikhungo zedatha, izinhlelo ze-UPS, ezokuthutha ngojantshi, nengqalasizinda entsha yokusekela amandla. Ngakho-ke, imakethe manje isikhombisa indlela entsha sha ebonakala ngokululama okuqinile, ukwenziwa ngcono kwesakhiwo, kanye nentuthuko yekhwalithi ephezulu.

I. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni: Imithethonqubo Yenqubomgomo Ihola Indlela, Ukugxila Kwemboni Kuyaqhubeka Ukukhuphuka

Ngo-2026, ngokusetshenziswa okujulile *kweZimo Ezijwayelekile Zemboni Yebhethri Le-Lead-Acid (2025 Revised Edition)*, umkhawulo wokusebenzisa amandla embonini ngeyunithi ngayinye yomkhiqizo uzokwehliswa ngokuqinile ube ngaphansi kuka-3.8 kg wamalahle ajwayelekile nge-kilowatt-hora. Lesi sinyathelo sizosheshisa ukuqedwa komthamo wokukhiqiza ophelelwe yisikhathi, okuxosha cishe **18%** wezindawo zokukhiqiza ezisezingeni elincane ukuya kwelimaphakathi ngaphandle kwemakethe. Ngenxa yalokho, ukugxilwa kwemboni kuzokhuphuka kakhulu; isilinganiso se-CR10 (isabelo semakethe esihlanganisiwe samabhizinisi ayishumi aphezulu) kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphukele ku-85.6%. Lo mkhuba uzohlanganisa i-echelon ehamba phambili-egxile kubadlali ababalulekile abafana no-Tianneng, Chilwee, Narada Power, Leoch International, kanye ne-Shuangdeng Group-esungula imigoqo emikhulu yokuncintisana ngokuhlanganiswa kokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile nezinhlelo ezivaliwe zokuhola ezigaywe kabusha.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazinga amasha anconyiwe kazwelonke—i-GB/T 22199.1-2025 kanye ne-GB/T 46736-2025—kuhlelelwe ukuthi aqale ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni ngomhla ka-May 1, 2026. Lawa mazinga abeka izidingo eziqine kakhulu kumamethrikhi okusebenza okubalulekile amabhethri e-lead-acid, okuhlanganisa ukungaguquguquki komthamo, ukuvikela izinga lokushisa eliphansi, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukusebenza komjikelezo ophezulu. Lesi sinyathelo sizophinde siphoqe amabhizinisi ukuthi athuthukise ubuchwepheshe bawo, kuqhubekisele phambili imboni ukuthi isuke esu "lokukhulisa isikali" iye kwelilo "lokuwina ngekhwalithi," ngaleyo ndlela kugqugquzelwe isimo semakethe esinobulungiswa nesincintisanayo semikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu. II. Ukuthuthuka Kwezobuchwepheshe: Okude

II.Ubude besikhathi sokuphila nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu-Ukunqamula Izintambo Zokusebenza Zendabuko

Lapho ibhekene nokuncintisana kwemakethe okuvela kumabhethri e-lithium-ion nawe-sodium-ion, imboni yebhethri le-lead-acid engalondoloziwe izuze impumelelo eminingi ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe ngokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokwenza kahle kwenqubo, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukisa ngokugcwele ukuncintisana komkhiqizo:

Ukuhwebelana Okukhulu Kobuchwepheshe Be-Lead-Carbon: Ngokufaka izinto ze-carbon ku-electrode engalungile, i-sulfation yepuleti engalungile ivinjelwa ngokuphumelelayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-80% Ukujula Kokukhipha (DOD), impilo yomjikelezo ikhuphuke kakhulu yaba ngaphezu kwemijikelezo engu-1,800; amasistimu athile e-lead-carbon lead asedlule ngisho nemijikelezo engu-4,500. Ekugcinweni kwamandla kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokulawula imvamisa, izindleko nge-kilowatt-hora yehle ngo-18.6% uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo yendabuko, okuyenza ibe yinketho ekhethwayo yezimo zesikhathi eside zokugcina amandla.

Ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe be-Gel Electrolyte (GEL): Ngokusebenzisa amajeli asekelwe ku-silica ukuze kuqiniswe i-electrolyte, i-acid stratification iyacindezelwa, futhi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kuthuthukiswa kakhulu. Ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu elingu-40°C, amazinga okugcina amandla athuthuke cishe ngo-15%, okwenza lawa mabhethri afaneleke kakhulu iziteshi eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana, ama-edge computing node, nezinto zokusebenza ezikhethekile zangaphandle ezindaweni ezishisayo.

Ukuqamba Okusha Kugridi Emelana Nokonakala Okuphezulu:Ukwamukelwa kwamagridi engxube ye-lead-calcium-tin-aluminium alloy-aqiniswe ngama-nanocrystals futhi afakwe izinto ezingavamile zomhlaba (tin/isiliva)—kukhulise ukumelana nokugqwala ngo-40%. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sempilo ye-float-charge ngokuvamile senyukele eminyakeni eyi-12-15, okwanelisa imfuneko yeminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 yokusebenza ngaphandle kokulungisa eziteshini eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana nasezikhungweni zedatha.

Ukunikeza Amandla Ngokukhiqiza Okuhlakaniphile:Ukwamukelwa okusabalele kokubhoboza kwegridi okuzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele, ukufakwa kwamapuleti, nezinqubo zokuhlanganisa kuthuthukise kakhulu ukungaguquguquki komkhiqizo ngenkathi kunciphisa amanani okungasebenzi ngo-30%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokuphatha ezihlakaniphile ze-BMS (Isistimu Yokulawula Ibhethri) ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zenza ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kwamandla kagesi, amanje, izinga lokushisa, nokumelana kwangaphakathi, kanye namandla e-alamu akude, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuphule ukusebenza kahle nokugcinwa kahle ngo-50%.

III. Ukuvela Kabusha Kwezicelo: Ukuphepha Njengokuhamba phambili Okubalulekile—Ukubuyisela Isidingo Emikhakheni Eyinhloko

Eminyakeni yakamuva, uchungechunge lwezehlakalo zokuphepha olubandakanya amasistimu okugcina amandla lubangele ukucabangisisa kwemboni yonke. Ngakho-ke, izici ezingokwemvelo zamabhethri e-lead-asidi angalondolozi—ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwama-electrolyte anamanzi, ukuphepha ngaphakathi, kanye nengozi eyize yomlilo noma yokuqhuma—ziphinde zavela. Ngenxa yalokho, imikhakha yezicelo eziyinhloko manje ibona ukukhula kabusha kwesidingo kanye nokuthambekela kokukhula okuqhubekayo:

Iziteshi Zokuxhumana: Iqhutshwa ukukhishwa okukhulu kweziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G, imisebenzi yokuthengwa kwempahla emaphakathi opharetha—njenge-China Tower—iyaqhubeka nokubonisa izimpawu zokululama. Phakathi kweziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G ezisanda kwakhiwa ngo-2025, **u-92% uzosebenzisa amabhethri e-asidi eholayo angangeni kakhulu, angalondolozi.** Amandla azo ayingqayizivele okuqalisa okubandayo kokuthi -30°C kanye nokubekezelela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kufika ku-70°C kuwenza afaneleke ngokuphelele izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu sase-China ne-Hainanwest.

Isikhungo Sedatha (IDC) UPS: Iqhutshwa ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha, izikhungo zedatha ezivamile emhlabeni wonke seziphinde zithanda amabhethri e-lead-acid kumasistimu azo wamandla ayisipele. Kumasistimu e-UPS anamandla angaphezu kuka-60 kVA, amabhethri e-lead-acid ahlanganisa ukufakwa okungaphezulu kuka-65%, ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo ekukhishweni okuzinzile kwamanje, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, kanye nenani eliphansi lezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila.

Isitoreji Samandla Esisha namandla Okwenza Ikhophi Yamandla: Emkhakheni wokugcinwa kwelanga okuhlala kuwo, ama-microgrid, nokulungela izinhlekelele eziphuthumayo, amabhethri e-lead-acid abusa imakethe, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yenzuzo yezindleko ecishe ibe ngu-70%. Ngo-2025, izinga lokukhula kwesidingo emikhakheni yezimboni kanye neyokugcina amandla kulindeleke ukuthi lidlule u-12%, okusungula lezi zindawo njengezinjini ezintsha zokukhula kwemboni.

Imikhakha Ekhethekile Nezokuthutha:Lawa mabhethri asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusayina ujantshi, amandla ayisipele olwandle, okokusebenza kwezokwelapha, kanye nama-AGV (Izimoto Eziqondiswayo Ezizenzakalelayo). Ezimakethe zamandla asizayo ane-voltage ephansi ezimotweni eziyingxubevange, isabelo semakethe samabhethri e-lead-asidi sihlala sizinzile ngaphezu kuka-**65%**.

IV. I-Loop Evaliwe Eluhlaza: Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo Kuwo Wonke Umjikelezo Wempilo, Ukugcwalisa Izibopho Ze-"Dual Carbon"

Amabhethri e-lead-acid anganakekeli okwamanje aziqhenya ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokugaywa kabusha phakathi kwayo yonke imikhiqizo yokugcina amandla emhlabeni jikelele. Imboni isungule ngempumelelo uhlelo olubanzi lwe-closed-loop oluhlanganisa kokubili ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza kanye nokugaywa kabusha okusebenzayo:

Ukukhiqiza Okuhlanzekile: Izikhungo ezihamba phambili zokukhiqiza zithuthukise izinqubo zazo ukuze zigcine ukugcwala kothuli lomthofu ngaphansi kakhulu kwezindinganiso zikazwelonke, zithole ukukhishwa kwegesi okucishe kungabiziro. Kwezinye izisekelo zokukhiqiza, ugesi oluhlaza ufinyelela ku-60% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngeyunithi ngayinye yomkhiqizo kuqhubeka ukwehla.

Amanani Aphakeme Kabusha Wokusebenzisa Kabusha:Isekelwe inethiwekhi evuthiwe yokugaya kabusha, izinga lokutholwa okuholayo lifinyelela ku-99.5%. Ukuhola okugaywe kabusha manje kuhlanganisa ngaphezu kuka-60% wezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni—inqubo ekhiqiza ukukhishwa okumbalwa okungu-65% uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa komthofu okuyinhloko—okuholela ekugxilweni kwekhabhoni okungaphezu kobunye ubuchwepheshe bebhethri.

Ukulandelelwa Okuthobelayo: Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2026, imboni izosebenzisa ngokugcwele **"Ibhethri Elilodwa, Ikhodi Eyodwa"** uhlelo lokulawula ukulandeleka. Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa wonke umjikelezo wempilo—kusukela ekukhiqizeni, ekuthengisweni, nasekusetshenzisweni kuya ekugayweni kabusha—ngalokho kuqeda ubungozi bokungcoliswa kwensimbi enzima emthonjeni. V. Outlook: Inqubekelaphambili Eqinile kanye Nobuholi Obuqhubekayo Ezingxenyeni Ze-Niche

Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamabhethri e-lead-acid angalondoloziwe ifinyelele kusayizi wama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-52.04 ngo-2025 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ifinyelele ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-61.3 ngo-2032, igcine izinga lokukhula eliqinile lonyaka (CAGR) lika-2.4%. Ukuqhubekela phambili, amabhethri e-lead-acid angagcini ngokunakekela azoqhubeka nokujulisa ukugxila kwawo emikhakheni ekhethekile—njengezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezokuphepha, izinhlelo zamandla ezisekela ukuphila isikhathi eside, kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla okungabizi kakhulu—esebenzisa izinzuzo zawo eziphelele ekuvuthweni kobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, ukuphepha, ukwethembeka, nengqalasizinda yokuvuselela kabusha. Lokhu kumiswa kwamasu kuzothuthukisa isimo semboni esibonakala ngokuphelelisana okuhlukene kanye nokuphilisana kwesikhathi eside eceleni kwe-lithium-ion kanye nobuchwepheshe bebhethri le-sodium-ion.

Inkampani yethu izohlala igxilile ekugxileni kwayo ezindleleni ezintathu ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe—ikhabhoni yokuhola, ijeli, kanye ne-AGM yempilo ende—ukwethula iphothifoliyo yomkhiqizo ebanzi eklanyelwe izidingo ezithile zokuxhumana ngocingo, izikhungo zedatha, izinhlelo ze-UPS, nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha zokugcina amandla. Ngezixazululo eziphephile, ezihlala isikhathi eside, ezinobungani nemvelo, nezihlakaniphe kakhulu, sizibophezele ekunikezeni isiqiniseko samandla esizinzile nesinokwethenjelwa kungqalasizinda ebalulekile emhlabeni wonke.