Ibhethri Eliyisipele vs Ukunikezwa Amandla Okungaphazamiseki: Yikuphi Okufanelana Nephrojekthi? 

Ibhethri eliyisipele ligcina amandla; ukunikezwa kwamandla okungaphazamiseki kulawula ukuthi lawo mandla kanye nomthombo wohlelo olungenayo luwusebenzisa kanjani umthwalo obalulekile. Ibhethri ngokwalo ngokuvamile alihlinzeki ngokukhiphayo okulawulwayo kwe-AC, ukuphathwa komthombo okuzenzakalelayo, ukulungisa, ukuguqulwa, ukudlula, ama-alamu noma ukuziphatha kwekhwalithi yamandla okulindeleke ku-UPS ephelele. Uma iphrojekthi idinga kuphela amandla e-DC agciniwe kusistimu eseyakhiwe ngobunjiniyela, ibhange lebhethri lingase libe into efanele yokuthenga. Uma isidingo siqhubekayo, amandla e-AC anesimo samaseva, izilawuli, ukuxhumana noma okokusebenza okunembayo, umthengi ngokuvamile udinga i-UPS ephelele enesistimu yebhethri enosayizi olungile.

Ngakho-ke ukukhetha akuwona umncintiswano phakathi kwemikhiqizo emibili eshintshashintshayo. Kuyisinqumo sezakhiwo. Abathengi kufanele bachaze umthwalo, ukuphazamiseka okwamukelekayo, isikhathi sokusebenza esidingekayo, umthombo wokufaka, ikhwalithi yokuphumayo, isu le-bypass, ukuqapha, indawo kanye nobufakazi bokwamukela ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa amanani ezinto zokusebenza.

Izinketho ezimbili zixazulula izingxenye ezihlukene zenkinga yamandla

Ibhethri ingumthombo wamandla we-electrochemical. Ukucaciswa kwayo kokuthengwa kwempahla kungase kuhlanganise ikhemistri, amandla kagesi, umthamo, izinga lokukhishwa, ukuhlelwa kwetheminali, izimo zesevisi, ukuphila okulindelekile kanye nesivikelo noma ikhabhinethi ezosebenza kuyo. Iba usizo kuphela lapho ezinye izisetshenziswa zilawula ukushaja futhi ziguqula noma zisabalalisa okukhiphayo ngendlela umthwalo ongayisebenzisa.

I-UPS iyisistimu yamandla edidiyelwe. Ohlelweni oluku-inthanethi lokuguqulwa okukabili, i-AC engenayo iguqulelwa ku-DC bese yakhiwe kabusha njenge-AC elawulwayo yokulayisha. Isistimu yokugcina amandla ixhumeka kusixhumanisi se-DC ukuze ukulahlekelwa noma ukonakala komthombo wokufaka kungadingi ukuthi umthwalo ulinde ukuthi kuqale ijeneretha ehlukile. Indlela yokudlula, izilawuli, ukuvikelwa kanye nokuxhumana kuqedela uhlelo lokusebenza.

Amaphrojekthi adinga lokhu kuziphatha okudidiyelwe kufanele aqale nge Ububanzi bokunikezwa kwamandla obungaphazamiseki be-UPS, bese uqhathanisa ukulungiselelwa ngokumelene nomdwebo wangempela womugqa owodwa kanye nokulandelana kokusebenza. Amaphrojekthi athenga amabhethri ashintshayo kufanele esikhundleni salokho aqinisekise ukuhambisana neshaja efakiwe, ibhasi le-DC, indlela yokuvikela kanye nokulawula ibhethri.

Ukuqhathanisa okungokoqobo kuqala ngomphumela odingekayo

Ithebula libonisa ukuthi kungani intengo yebhethri ephansi ingenakuqhathaniswa ngokuqondile nekhotheshini ye-UPS. Ukunikezwa okukodwa kungakhava amandla agciniwe kuphela; enye ingase ihlanganise indlela ephelele egcina umthwalo unamandla futhi ungaphakathi kwemingcele yawo kagesi. Ukuqhathanisa okufanele kuqala kufanele kuhambisane nomngcele wesistimu.

Layisha idatha inquma isilinganiso samandla e-UPS

Ukukhetha kwe-UPS akukwazi ukwehliswa ekungezeni ama-watts we-nameplate wemishini. I-RFQ kufanele ihlonze kokubili amandla wangempela kuma-kilowatts namandla abonakalayo kuma-kilovolt-amperes, kanye nesici samandla okulayisha. I-UPS kufanele ihlale phakathi kwazo zombili izilinganiso. Umthwalo onamandla angu-24 kW wangempela ku-0.8 factor factor umele ama-30 kVA; obhidayo obona ivelu engu-24 kW kuphela angase ancome isistimu engaphansi kosayizi.

Amanani aphelele wombuso nawo awaphelele. Amamotho, ama-compressor, ama-transformer nezinye izinto zikagesi zingadonsa isiqalo noma i-inrush current. Imithwalo ye-elekthronikhi engaqondile ingase ibeke isici esiphezulu se-crest kanye ne-harmonic current. Ukunikezwa kwamandla okungadingekile kungashintsha isinyathelo sokulayisha lapho kulahleka okuphakelayo okukodwa. Ukukhula kwesikhathi esizayo, ukuhlukahluka komthwalo kanye nesinyathelo esikhulu kunazo zonke esikholakalayo kufanele kushiwo ngokwehlukana kunokuba kufihlwe ngaphakathi kwephesenti elilodwa lomkhawulo.

Ukuhlelwa kokukhiphayo okudingekayo nakho kubalulekile. Qinisekisa ukucushwa kwesigaba, i-voltage yegama, imvamisa, i-earthing, izidingo ezimaphakathi kanye nokusabalalisa okwehla nomfula. I-UPS yezigaba ezintathu akufanele ikhethwe ngenxa nje yokuthi indawo inezigaba ezintathu zokuhlinzekwa kosizo; ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-bypass kunquma i-architecture efanelekile yokufaka nokuphumayo.

I-Runtime iyisibalo samandla esinemikhawulo yangempela yokusebenza

Amahora we-Ampere ewodwa awachazi isikhathi sokulondoloza. Amandla ebhethri aqala nge-voltage ephindwe ngamandla, kodwa isikhathi sokusebenza esisebenzisekayo siphinde sincike esilinganisweni sokuphuma, ubudala bebhethri, izinga lokushisa, ugesi wokugcina, ukusebenza kahle kwesiguquli, ukulahlekelwa kwangaphakathi, inqubomgomo yokugodla kanye nephrofayela yokulayisha. Umthamo we-asidi yomthofu uvamise ukwehla njengoba izinga lokukhipha likhuphuka, kuyilapho amasistimu e-lithium ehlala engaphansi kwemikhawulo yokuphatha ibhethri kanye namafasitela esimo sokushajwa avumelekile.

Abathengi kufanele basho isikhathi sokusebenza esidingekayo kumthwalo ochaziwe nesimo sokuphela kokukhishwa. Imfuneko ingase ibe yinde ngokwanele ukuze kuvalwe ngokuhlelekile, ukuze ijeneretha iqale futhi izinze, noma ukuze inqubo iqhubeke ngokucisha okuthile. Lena imisebenzi eyahlukene. Imfuneko yokuzimela yemizuzu eyishumi ekulayisheni okugcwele kwedizayini ayilingani nemfuneko yemizuzu engamashumi amathathu ekulayisheni okusebenzayo kwamanje.

Ukulinganisa ibhethri kufanele futhi kuhambisane nemibandela yokuphela kwempilo okuvunyelenwe ngayo yiphrojekthi. Uma isistimu kusamele ilethe isikhathi sokusebenza esidingekayo ngemva kwesikhathi esichaziwe, umthamo wokuqala webhethri uzodinga imajini yedizayini efanelekile. Leyo majini kufanele ibonakale esibalweni kunokuba ichazwe ngokungacacile njengokuthi “isipele esengeziwe.”

Ukuqhubeka nekhwalithi yamandla kunquma ukuthi i-UPS iyadingeka yini

Eminye imithwalo ingabekezelela ukuphazamiseka okufushane futhi idinga omunye umthombo kuphela. Abanye abakwazi ukubekezelela igebe phakathi kokwehluleka kwensiza nokutholakala kwejeneretha. Isivikeli sokuhlinza singakhawulela izehlakalo ezithile zesikhashana kodwa asikwazi ukuhlinzeka amandla ngesikhathi sokucima. Ijeneretha ebekwe eceleni ingasekela ukuphazamiseka okude kodwa ithatha isikhathi ukuqalisa, ifinyelele i-voltage ezinzile nefrikhwensi, futhi yamukele umthwalo. Ibhuloho le-UPS linqamula isikhawu futhi lingahlukanisa umthwalo ebangeni elibanzi lokuphazamiseka kokufaka, ngokuya nge-topology ecacisiwe kanye nemikhawulo.

Okokusebenza okuzwelayo, umthengi kufanele achaze amandla kagesi okukhiphayo avumelekile nokuhluka kwefrikhwensi, ikhwalithi ye-waveform, ukuziphatha kokudlulisa kanye nokutholwa ngemva kwezinyathelo zokulayisha. Ukusebenza okuphelele kwe-UPS nendlela yokuhlola ingaqondaniswa ne-IEC 62040-3 noma elinye izinga elisebenza ngokwenkontileka. Ukuphepha, ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic kanye nezidingo zokufakwa kwendawo zidinga ukuqinisekiswa okuhlukile; ireferensi eyodwa yokusebenza ayifaki ngokuzenzakalela zonke izibopho zephrojekthi.

Lapho izimo zensiza zingezinhle noma ijeneretha iwumthombo wesibili, i-RFQ kufanele ihlanganise i-input-voltage elindelekile nobubanzi befrikhwensi. Usayizi we-generator, izimiso, i-harmonics nokuziphatha kwesinyathelo sokulayisha kungathinta ukuhambisana kwe-UPS. "I-generator ehambisanayo" kufanele iholele ekubuyekezweni kwesixhumi esibonakalayo, ingaqedi.

I-Bypass necebo lokunakekela lithinta lonke uhlelo

I-UPS ingavikela umthwalo ngenkathi iseyisithiyo sokulungisa uma i-bypass architecture ingacacile. I-bypass yangaphakathi emile ingase idlulise umthwalo lapho isishintshi sigcwele noma singatholakali, kodwa ayihlukanisi yonke i-UPS ngesevisi ephephile. I-bypass yokulungisa ehlukile inganikeza indlela yesevisi, nokho ukukhiya kwayo, inqubo yokusebenza nokuvikela okukhuphuka nomfula/phansi komfula kufanele kufane nokufakwa.

Iphrojekthi kufanele ichaze ukuthi yikuphi ukwehluleka noma izehlakalo zokulungiswa okufanele zibekezelelwe. I-UPS eyodwa ene-bypass, amayunithi amabili ahambisanayo, noma izindlela ezizimele zika-A no-B zinikeza amazinga ahlukene okutholakala. Izintambo zebhethri, izinto ezivikelayo kanye nokusabalalisa kungase kudale amaphuzu avamile okuhluleka. Isakhiwo esilungile silandela umphumela webhizinisi womthwalo kanye nohlelo lokunakekela, hhayi ilebula evamile yokungasho lutho.

Sebenzisa ukucaciswa komkhiqizo ekufakeni, hhayi ngokuhlukaniswa

Kumaphrojekthi adinga ukuhlanganiswa kwama-rack kanye nokufaka/okuphumayo kwezigaba ezintathu, i 10–40 kVA rack-mount UPS eku-inthanethi kuwukucushwa okuhlobene okufanele kuhlolwe. Ububanzi bayo obushicilelwe busebenzisa ukuguqulwa okuphindwe kabili ku-inthanethi futhi kuhloselwe imithwalo ebalulekile. Ulwazi lomkhiqizo luphinde luhlonze imodeli engu-10 kVA enezigaba ezintathu zokufakwayo kwezintambo ezinhlanu kanye nokuphumayo, izinketho zegama elingu-380/400/415 V, isici samandla okukhipha angu-0.9 nokusekelwa kokuxhunywa kwejeneretha.

Lawo manani ayisiqalo, hhayi ukugunyazwa kwephrojekthi okuzenzakalelayo. Abathengi kusadingeka baqinisekise imodeli elinganiselwe ngokunembile, i-kW yokulayisha kanye ne-kVA, i-voltage, idivayisi yokuvikela ekhuphuka nomfula, ukulinganiswa kwekhebula, umthombo we-bypass, i-voltage yebhethri nokuzimela, ukujula kwe-rack, ukupholisa, imvume yesevisi, iphrothokholi yokuxhumana kanye nezidingo zikagesi wendawo. Ukuxhumana ongakukhetha kufanele kukhonjwe kukhotheshini esikhundleni sokucatshangwa ngencazelo yeleveli yochungechunge.

Izimo zesayithi nazo zishintsha isinqumo. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, ukuphakama, umswakama, uthuli, umoya omncane nokufinyelela kuthinta ukufakwa kanye nesevisi. Uma imvelo yangempela ingaphandle kwemibandela eshicilelwe, umphakeli kufanele asho izimfuneko zokwehliswa, ezivalekile noma zesimo ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe okokusebenza.

Ubufakazi bokwamukela kufanele bulandele umngcele wesistimu

I-oda lebhethri lingadinga amarekhodi okukhiqiza, ukuhlonza, ukuhlola amandla kagesi kanye nokumelana, isisekelo sokuhlola umthamo, ihadiwe yokuxhuma kanye nobufakazi bokupakisha. I-oda le-UPS eliphelele lidinga ukuqinisekiswa okubanzi: amarekhodi emodeli namarekhodi, ukuhlola okubukwayo nobukhulu, ukusebenza komsebenzi, ukufundwa kokufakwayo nokuphumayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-alamu nokuxhumana, ukusebenza kokudlula, ukuziphatha kwemodi yebhethri kanye nobubanzi bokuhlola umthwalo okuvunyelwene ngawo.

Akuwona wonke amaphrojekthi adinga ukuhlolwa okugcwele kofakazi, kodwa yonke iphrojekthi kufanele ichaze ukuthi yini efakazela ukuhambisana. Ikhotheshini kufanele ihlukanise ukuhlola kwasembonini okuvamile, ukuhlola kokwamukela kwasembonini ongakukhetha, ukugunyazwa kwesayithi nokuhlola okwenziwa abanye. Kufanele futhi ibize amagama amadokhumenti alethwe nezinto zokusebenza: imidwebo, amamanyuwali, amarekhodi okuhlola, izinhla zokusebenzisana, ishejuli yezingxenye eziyisipele kanye nemibandela yewaranti.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Ingabe ibhange lebhethri lingangena esikhundleni se-UPS?

Kuphela uma ukufakwa sekuvele kufaka ukushaja okuhambisanayo, ukuguqulwa kwamandla, ukushintsha, ukuvikela nokulawula. Ibhethri iyodwa ayinikezi ngokukhiphayo kwe-AC okulawulwayo noma imisebenzi yokuqhubeka ye-UPS ephelele.

Ingabe i-UPS iyafana nejeneretha?

Cha. I-UPS inikezela ngomthwalo ngokushesha ngamandla agciniwe kanye nezimo ngaphakathi komklamo wayo. Ijeneretha ikhiqiza amandla ukuze isebenze isikhathi eside kodwa idinga ukuqala nokuzinzisa. Amasistimu abalulekile ngokuvamile ahlanganisa kokubili.

Ingabe umthamo we-UPS kufanele ukhethwe ku-kW noma ku-kVA?

Kokubili. Umthwalo oxhunyiwe kufanele uhlale ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso samandla wangempela we-UPS ku-kW kanye nesilinganiso samandla abonakalayo ku-kVA. Isici samandla, izinyathelo zokulayisha kanye ne-inrush nakho kudinga ukubuyekezwa.

Ingabe ibhethri elikhudlwana liyasinyusa isilinganiso samandla e-UPS?

Cha. Umthamo webhethri ohambisana kakhulu ungase andise isikhathi sokusebenza, kodwa awukhuphuli isilinganiso se-inverter kW noma i-kVA. Amandla wokushaja, i-DC voltage kanye nemikhawulo yebhethri egunyaziwe yomphakeli nakho kufanele kubhekwe.

Lungiselela i-RFQ ekhiqiza okunikezwayo okufanayo

Thumela ababhidayo ishejuli yokulayisha, i-kW ne-kVA, isici samandla, idatha yokungena, izimo zokufaka nokuphumayo, isikhathi sokusebenza esidingekayo, imininingwane yejeneretha, umqondo we-bypass, umgomo wokungadingeki umsebenzi, indawo ezungezile, izindawo zokuqapha, ubuningi, imibhalo, ububanzi bokuhlola nendawo yokulethwa. Cela umphakeli ngamunye ukuthi abuyisele imodeli ye-UPS okuyiyonayona, ukubalwa kwebhethri, okufakiwe okushintshile nezinto ezisetshenziswayo, ukulahlekelwa, ukwaliwa kokushisa, imidwebo, isikhathi sokuhola, okungafakwanga kanye nohlu lokuchezuka komugqa nomugqa.

Uma lokhu okokufaka sekulungile, kuhambise nge- ifomu lokubuza imininingwane yephrojekthi. Impendulo kufanele ihlukanise ububanzi obuphelele be-UPS kumabhethri, ukuxhumana ozikhethela, ukudlula ukunakekelwa, ukufakwa kanye nokusetshenziswa. Lokho kuhlukaniswa kuguqula ingxoxo yebhethri eyisipele iqhathaniswa ne-UPS ibe isakhiwo esifundekayo kanye nekhotheshini engaqhathaniswa nemibandela elinganayo.